Составьте высказывание на английском языке по теме «Виды наказаний»
The penalty is applied in order to restore social justice, and in order to correct and prevent convicted of new crimes.
The Criminal Code has 13 penalties, which are divided into two groups: basic (self-employed) and additional (used only in conjunction with the major), and measures applied as both core and additional:
Compulsory work;
? corrective labor
? restriction in military service
? restriction of liberty
? arrest
? detention in a disciplinary military unit
? imprisonment for a fixed term of life imprisonment
? the death penalty (is used only as a basic penalties).
Variety of properties of criminal penalties to classify them on various grounds. The most significant in criminal and legal matters are the criteria contained in the Criminal Code, which expressly provides three reasons for dividing the types of penalties:
1. according to their severity (Article 44);
2. to their potential (Article 45);
3. at work they load and role in achieving the goals of punishment (Article 45).
Types of Punishment
Punishment in content, appearance and size to be able to achieve its goals. At the same time, as a tool it must be entered by the legislator in a clear framework to avoid subjectivism, arbitrary discretion in the appointment.
Type of sentence is devoted to art. 44 of the Criminal Code. A form of punishment - is provided by the criminal law concretised form of criminal responsibility, which has its specific content and the corresponding name.
Type of punishment should not be confused with punishment. The last is a sentence imposed by a court in sentencing reviled person - it is, therefore, the punishment of a specific type in a specific size (terms). This means that the sentence is individualized by the court, is correlated with the severity of the offense and the personality traits assigned to him by the court not only qualitative but also quantitative characteristics, reflected in the sentence, what and how much punishment "meted out" guilty of a crime face.
The Criminal Code contains the following sentence:
1) fine;
2) denial of the right to occupy certain positions or engage in certain activities;
3) deprivation of a special, military or honorary title, class rank and state awards;
4) compulsory labor;
5) correctional work;
6) the restriction on military service;
7) the restriction of liberty;
8) the arrest;
9) in a disciplinary military unit;
10) Imprisonment for a specified period of time;
11) to life imprisonment;
12) death penalty.
Article 44 of the Criminal Code, in which he presents the list, referred to as "The types of punishment." The same name (with minor terminological differences) was used in the previous Penal Code. However, the legal profession has long been firmly rooted opinion that the law leads to the Criminal Code is not just a list of the types of sentences, which are then applied to them in the design of articles of the Special Part of sanctions, and sets out a system of penalties. This view seems to us true as stated in the aforementioned article has all the features of the system.
Institute of punishments in the criminal law forms a strictly regulated precise system.
Proceeding from the interests of combating crime, taking into account the social danger of the committed offence and the personality of the offender, the court may elect an appropriate form of punishment. So severe measures of punishment are applied to persons who committed grave and especially grave crimes, as well as not wanting to be corrected. And, Vice versa, to persons, not representing big public danger, apply softer measures, which testifies that the humanism of the criminal law.
Article 44 of the criminal code establishes a list of накзаний, which is limited to:
· fine;
· deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or practice certain activities;
· deprivation of special, military or honorary title, class rank and the state awards;
· compulsory labour;
· correctional labor;
· restriction on military service;
· confiscation of property;
· restriction of freedom;
· arrest;
· detention in a disciplinary military unit;
· imprisonment for a certain term;
· life imprisonment;
· the death penalty.
Article 45 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation, all kinds of punishments divides into basic and advanced. It determines:
1. Obligatory works, corrective works, restriction on military service, restriction of liberty, arrest, service in a disciplinary military unit, imprisonment, life imprisonment, and the death penalty are used only as basic types of punishment.
2. A fine and deprivation of the right to hold certain posts or practice certain professions are imposed both as basic and additional kinds of punishments.
3. Deprivation of special, military or honorary title, class rank and the state awards, as well as confiscation of property are applied only as an additional types of punishment.