Property law is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership and tenancy in real property (land as distinct from personal or movable possessions) and in personal property, within the common law legal system. In the civil law system, there is a division between movable and immovable property. Movable property roughly corresponds to personal property, while immovable property corresponds to real estate or real property, and the associated rights and obligations thereon.
The concept, idea or philosophy of property underlies all property law. In some jurisdictions, historically all property was owned by the monarch and it devolved through feudal land tenure or other feudal systems of loyalty and fealty.
Though the Napoleonic code was among the first government acts of modern times to introduce the notion of absolute ownership into statute, protection of personal property rights was present in medieval Islamic law and jurisprudence,[1] and in more feudalist forms in the common law courts of medieval and early modern England.
"Property law" is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership in real property (land as distinct from personal or movable possessions) and in personal property, within the common law legal system. In the civil law system, there is a division between movable and immovable property. Movable property roughly corresponds to personal property, while immovable property corresponds to real estate or real property, and the associated rights and obligations thereon.
The concept, idea or philosophy of property underlies all property law. In some jurisdictions, historically all property was owned by the monarch and it devolved through feudal land tenure or other feudal systems of loyalty and fealty.
Though the Napoleonic code was among the first government acts of modern times to introduce the notion of absolute ownership into statute, protection of personal property rights was present in medieval Islamic law and jurisprudence,citation|last=Makdisi|first=John|year=2005|title=Islamic Property Law: Cases and Materials for Comparative Analysis with the Common Law|publisher=Carolina Academic Press|isbn=1594601100] and in more feudalist forms in the common law courts of medieval and early modern England.
The most usual way of acquiring an interest in property is as the result of a consensual transaction with the previous owner, for example, a sale or a gift. Dispositions by will may also be regarded as consensual transactions, since the effect of a will is to provide for the distribution of the deceased person's property to nominated beneficiaries. A person may also obtain an interest in property under a trust established for his or her benefit by the owner of the property.
It is also possible for property to pass from one person to another independently of the consent of the property owner. For example, this occurs when a person dies intestate, goes bankrupt, or has the property taken in execution of a court judgment.
Property law - rights protected and describes the properties of the material objects of ownership. Also, it is a subjective right parties involved related to the possession, use and disposal of property, as well as with the material requirements that arise between the parties regarding the economic turnover of exchange of goods, services, work performed, etc.
Property law in Russia, as elsewhere, there is a long, its history lasts thousands of years. Prior to the Baptism of Russia, and even before the Christian era property relations is a typical situation for tribalism. Since 1991, the Russian Federation has been restored the right to property, which operated until 1917. Limitations on the number of properties owned by a private individual, were dropped. In fact, the property rights of private persons in modern Russia are placed above the interests of society.
Properties property relations are regulated by the Constitution and Code. Virtually every code has entries , articles or even chapters , directly or indirectly related to the property. In the Family Code of the Russian Federation is the seventh chapter - " The legal regime of matrimonial property ." The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is the twenty-first chapter - " Crimes against property " as well as some articles of the twenty-second chapter - article 170 ( illegal registration of land transactions ) , st.175 (acquisition or sale of property known from crime ) Art.188 (smuggling) . Further, it is the twenty-sixth chapter - "Crimes against public security and public order" : st.211 paragraph 1 ( hijacking an air or water or railway rolling stock) , Article 212 ( rioting ) , article 213 (hooliganism ), Art . 214 (vandalism ) . Further, the property subject to certain taxes , regulated by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation . For example, the thirty-first chapter - "Land Tax ".